When creating surveys, the Likert scale is commonly used to measure attitudes, perceptions, or frequency. However, there are two typical ranges: 4 or 5 points. This brief guide outlines the key differences between 4-point and 5-point Likert scales and offers guidance on when to use each format.
What is a Likert Scale?
A Likert scale asks respondents to indicate the extent of their agreement, satisfaction, or frequency with a given statement. Common formats include:
- 4-Point Scale: Strongly Disagree, Disagree, Agree, Strongly Agree
- 5-Point Scale: Strongly Disagree, Disagree, Neutral, Agree, Strongly Agree
4-Point Likert Scale (Forced Choice)
Description: This scale removes the neutral option, requiring respondents to lean either positively or negatively.
When to Use:
- You want to encourage clear opinions or preferences.
- You are seeking decisive feedback for decision-making.
- The topic is non-sensitive and respondents are likely to have an opinion.
- You are working with a small sample size and want to avoid non-committal answers.
Pros:
- Prevents fence-sitting.
- Useful when action-oriented feedback is needed.
Cons:
- Can frustrate respondents who genuinely feel neutral.
- May skew results if respondents choose randomly to avoid forced decisions.
5-Point Likert Scale (Balanced Choice)
Description: This scale includes a neutral midpoint, allowing respondents to express indifference or uncertainty.
When to Use:
- The topic is sensitive, complex, or nuanced.
- You want to measure the intensity of opinions, including neutrality.
- You anticipate a wide range of perspectives, such as in district-wide family surveys.
- You are conducting a baseline survey and want to understand areas of indecision.
Pros:
- More accurately captures the diversity of opinions.
- Respects respondent indecision or neutrality.
Cons:
- Can lead to more neutral responses, limiting actionable insights.
- May be misused by disengaged respondents.
Summary Table
| Criteria | 4-Point Scale | 5-Point Scale |
| Neutral Option | No | Yes |
| Use When… | Clear, actionable data is needed | Balanced or nuanced feedback is needed |
| Risk of Fence-Sitting | Low | Moderate |
| Respondent Comfort | May cause discomfort | More accommodating |
| Complexity of Topic | Simple or familiar topics | Complex or sensitive topics |
Recommendations for School Districts
- Use a 5-point scale for broad community surveys, such as those assessing school climate or family engagement, where neutrality is a valid position.
- Use a 4-point scale for internal feedback tools, such as staff evaluations or curriculum reviews, where a decision or direction is needed.
- Be consistent within a single survey to avoid confusion.
- Pretest your survey with a small group to identify whether respondents are comfortable with the response options.